There are four SQL transaction isolation levels supported by InnoDB: REPEATABLE READ, READ COMMITTED, READ UNCOMMITTED, and SERIALIZABLE. Because READ UNCOMMITTED and SERIALIZABLE are rarely used, I am going to outline the distinction between READ COMMITTED and REPEATABLE READ. Perhaps I will follow up with SERIALIZABLE and READ UNCOMMITTED if there is interest.
REPEATABLE READ:
The state of the database is maintained from the start of the transaction. If you retrieve a value in session1, then update that value in session2, retrieving it again in session1 will return the same results. Reads are repeatable. Repeatable Read.
session1> BEGIN; session1> SELECT firstname FROM names WHERE id = 7; Aaron session2> BEGIN; session2> SELECT firstname FROM names WHERE id = 7; Aaron session2> UPDATE names SET firstname = 'Bob' WHERE id = 7; session2> SELECT firstname FROM names WHERE id = 7; Bob session2> COMMIT; session1> SELECT firstname FROM names WHERE id = 7; Aaron
READ COMMITTED:
Within the context of a transaction, you will always retrieve the most recently committed value. If you retrieve a value in session1, update it in session2, then retrieve it in session1 again, you will get the value as modified in session2. It reads the last committed row. Read Committed.
session1> BEGIN; session1> SELECT firstname FROM names WHERE id = 7; Aaron session2> BEGIN; session2> SELECT firstname FROM names WHERE id = 7; Aaron session2> UPDATE names SET firstname = 'Bob' WHERE id = 7; session2> SELECT firstname FROM names WHERE id = 7; Bob session2> COMMIT; session1> SELECT firstname FROM names WHERE id = 7; Bob
Make sense?